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1 reflecting state
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > reflecting state
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2 reflecting state
Математика: отражающее состояние -
3 reflecting state
мат. -
4 reflecting state
The English-Russian dictionary on reliability and quality control > reflecting state
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5 reflecting
1) отражение
2) зеркальный
3) отражающий
4) отражательный ∙ reflecting beam waveguide ≈ отражающий лучевод totally reflecting mirror ≈ опт. зеркало глухое - reflecting barrier - reflecting boundary - reflecting diffusion - reflecting galvanometer - reflecting holography - reflecting material - reflecting medium - reflecting objective - reflecting plane - reflecting prism - reflecting state - reflecting surface - reflecting telescope - reflecting wattmeter отражающий - * power( специальное) отражательная способность;
коэффициент отражения отражаемый, зеркальный - * telescope зеркальный телескоп;
телескоп-рефлектор размышляющий - grave and * men серьезные, мыслящие люди reflecting отражательный ~ отражающий ~ размышляющийБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > reflecting
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6 state
1) состояние2) положение4) физ. энергетический уровень5) государство || государственный6) штат7) заявлять; утверждать8) излагать; констатировать9) фиксировать•- completely defined state - completely reachable state - state of being curved - state of plane stressreduction to a single-domain state — физ. монодоменизация
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7 reflecting acquisition state
abbr. RASотражающее состояние марковской цепи, моделирующей функционирование системы синхронизации (при попадании системы (напр., контура ФАПЧ) в это состояние происходит перескок (фазы)); ср. absorbing acquisition stateАнгло-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > reflecting acquisition state
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8 absorbing acquisition state
abbr. AASпоглощающее состояние марковской цепи, моделирующей функционирование системы синхронизации при попадании системы (напр., ССЗ) в это состояние происходит срыв синхронизма; ср. reflecting acquisition stateАнгло-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > absorbing acquisition state
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9 отражающее состояние
reflecting state мат.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > отражающее состояние
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10 отражающее состояние
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > отражающее состояние
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11 отражающее состояние
Mathematics: reflecting stateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > отражающее состояние
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12 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
13 plane
1) плоскость
2) баранок
3) выстрагивать
4) плановый
5) рубанок
6) строгало
7) чинара
8) чинаровый
9) шляхтхебель
10) плоский
11) торцовый
12) струговый
– ag plane
– atomic plane
– baby plane
– bank the plane
– basal plane
– base plane
– bedding plane
– bit plane
– bonding plane
– cardinal plane
– cleavage plane
– collimation plane
– complex plane
– composition plane
– contact plane
– coordinate plane
– core plane
– crystal plane
– cutting plane
– datum plane
– daturence plane
– dislocation plane
– end plane
– epipolar plane
– equipotential plane
– extended plane
– face plane
– flexure plane
– focal plane
– fracture plane
– gravity plane
– hodograph plane
– horizon plane
– horizontal plane
– image plane
– inclination of a plane
– inclined plane
– joint plane
– jointing plane
– level the plane
– locus plane
– memory plane
– meridional plane
– nodal plane
– normal plane
– object plane
– on plane
– pass plane
– perspective plane
– phase plane
– picture plane
– pitching plane
– plane aerotriangulation
– plane albedo
– plane angle
– plane card
– plane coordinates
– plane fracture
– plane geodesy
– plane geometry
– plane iron
– plane isomerism
– plane knife
– plane of fracture
– plane of incidence
– plane of motion
– plane of polarization
– plane of projection
– plane of refraction
– plane of rotation
– plane of support
– plane of vibration
– plane of vision
– plane polariscope
– plane polarization
– plane projection
– plane rough
– plane source
– plane stock
– plane surface
– plane table
– plane triangle
– plane triangulation
– plane trigonometry
– plane wave
– principal plane
– profile plane
– projective plane
– rectifying plane
– reflecting plane
– regression plane
– rolling plane
– set up plane table
– shear plane
– stability plane
– supporting plane
– symmetry plane
– tangential plane
– twinning plane
– yawing plane
complex plane analyzer — <tech.> анализатор векторный
focal plane shutter — <phot.> затвор бокового действия
lattice plane resolution — разрешающая способность электронного микроскопа по кристаллической решетке
plane earth factor — < radio> коэффициент плоской земли
rotation of the plane of polariz — вращение плоскости поляризации
state of plane deformation — плоское деформированное состояние
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14 diffusion
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15 structure
1) сооружение; конструкция2) конструкция; устройство; схема3) структура; строение4) система6) форма; вид7) эл. опора•- accordion stitch structure -
acicular structure
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active substrate structure
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air-inflated structure
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air structure
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aligned structure
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alignment structure
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all-metal structure
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angle structure
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antiavalanche structure
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appurtenant structure
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Aran structure
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arborescent structure
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aromatic structure
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array structure
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as-hardened structure
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atlas structure
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atomic structure
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austenitic structure
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automatically erectable structure
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avalanche injection structure
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backbone structure
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backward-wave structure
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balanced atlas structure
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balloon structure
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band structure
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barrier injection structure
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base-coupled structure
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basic structure
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bearing structure
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bearing-wall structure
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benzene-like structure
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bipolar diffused structure
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bipolar junction structure
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bird's eye backing jacquard structure
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blackberry stitch structure
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blister structure
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block structure
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block-graft structure
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body structure
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boundary structure
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bourrelet structure
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box-like space structure
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braced structure
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branched structure
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bubble stitch structure
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building structure
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bulk structure
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buried structure
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buried-collector structure
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buried-gate structure
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buried-oxide MOS structure
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bus-organized structure
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bus structure
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cable stitch structure
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cable-stayed structure
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camera structure
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catenary suspension structure
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cellular structure
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chain structure
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chain-packed structure
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charge injection structure
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charge transfer structure
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charge-coupled structure
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check structure
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chemical structure
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cholesteric structure
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circus-support structure
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closed structure
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close-grained structure
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close-packed structure
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clustered structure
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coagulation structure
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coast-protecting structure
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collector-coupled structure
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columnar structure
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complementary MOS structure
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compliance structure
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condensation structure
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continuous structure
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control structure
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controlled eutectic structure
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core support structure
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course structure
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crest structure
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cross plating structure
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cross-armless structure
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cross-linked structure
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cross-miss structure
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cross-rope suspension structure
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cross-tuck structure
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crystalline structure
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crystal structure
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cubic structure
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cutting structure
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daisy-chain structure
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dangerous structure
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data structure
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dead-end structure
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debris retaining structure
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deep structure
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delay-line structure
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dendrite structure
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determinate structure
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diffused-gate structure
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disordered structure
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docking module launch support structure
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domain structure
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dotted structure
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double epitaxial structure
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double-avalanche structure
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double-diffused MOS structure
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double-implanted structure
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double-polysilicon structure
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double-poly structure
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drawing file structure
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drilling bit bearing structure
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drill bit bearing structure
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drop structure
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dropped stitch structure
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duplex structure
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earth structure
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earthquake-proof structure
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earth-retaining structure
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eightlock structure
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embroidery plating structure
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emitter-coupled structure
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energy-band structure
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engineering structure
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epitaxial structure
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evermonte structure
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exterior structure
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eyelet structure
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fabric structure
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fabricated structure
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fail-safe structure
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fancy stitch structure
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faulted structure
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fendering structure
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fibrous structure
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field structure
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field-interleaved structure
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file structure
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filiform molecule structure
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filler structure
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film guiding structure
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film handling structure
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film structure
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fine structure
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fine-grain structure
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fire-tree structure
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fish protection structure
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flaky structure
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flexible structure
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float plated fishnet structure
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float plated structure
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float stitch structure
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floated-in structure
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floating dock structure
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floating gate MOS structure
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floating gate structure
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flood-regulating structure
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floor structure
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flow-measuring structure
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folded-plate structure
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frame structure
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framed structure
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frame-like structure
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French pique structure
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fringe structure
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full cardigan rib structure
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full cardigan structure
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full tricot structure
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full-jacquard structure
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functional structure
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gate-operation structure
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gel structure
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geological structure
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glass structure
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glass-like structure
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grade separation structure
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graded structure
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graphoepitaxial structure
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gravity-dependent structure
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gravity structure
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grid structure
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groundwater intake structure
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guard-ring structure
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guide structure
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hairpin structure
-
half-cardigan structure
-
half-transfer stitch structure
-
herringbone twill structure
-
heteroepitaxial structure
-
heterogeneous structure
-
heterojunction structure
-
H-frame structure
-
hierarchical sensory-control structure
-
hierarchical structure
-
highly refined structure
-
high-performance MOS structure
-
homogeneous structure
-
honeycomb structure
-
horizontal striped backing jacquard structure
-
hydraulic structure
-
hydrodynamic dissipative structure
-
hyperfine structure
-
hyperstatic structure
-
image structure
-
indeterminate structure
-
industrial structure
-
inflatable structure
-
ingot structure
-
inlay lap stitch structure
-
in-line structure
-
instruction structure
-
insulated gate structure
-
insulated substrate structure
-
intake structure
-
interdigital structure
-
interior structure
-
interlock stitch structure
-
ionic gating structures
-
ion gating structures
-
ion-implanted structure
-
ion-selective field-effect structure
-
isle structure
-
jacquard structure
-
jersey structure
-
jointless structure
-
jumbo structure
-
junction field-effect structure
-
junction-isolated structure
-
knitted structure
-
knock-off lap stitch structure
-
lace stitch structure
-
ladder structure
-
ladderproof structure
-
lamellar structure
-
laminated structure
-
lateral structure
-
lattice structure
-
layer-like structure
-
light-trapping structure
-
line structure
-
linear structure
-
line-interleaved structure
-
line-locked structure
-
line-quincunx structure
-
linked structure
-
links-links structure
-
liquid-like structure
-
list structure
-
locknit structure
-
logical structure
-
logic structure
-
looped plush structure
-
looped tuck structure
-
loosely packed structure
-
macromolecular structure
-
magnetic structure
-
mammoth structure
-
manipulator erectable structure
-
manually erectable structure
-
marine structure
-
marquisette structure
-
mat structure
-
mesa strip structure
-
mesa structure
-
mesh structure
-
metal-insulator-semiconductor structure
-
metallized semiconductor gate structure
-
metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductor structure
-
metal-nitride-semiconductor structure
-
metal-oxide-metal structure
-
metal-oxide-semiconductor structure
-
microgel structure
-
micromesh structure
-
Milano rib structure
-
mock rib structure
-
mode structure
-
modular structure
-
mosaic structure
-
moss stitch structure
-
multicollector structure
-
multiemitter structure
-
multilayer structure
-
multilevel structure
-
multi-microprocessor structure
-
multispan structure
-
multituck structure
-
n-channel structure
-
nematic structure
-
net structure
-
netting structure
-
network structure
-
nipple stitch structure
-
n-MOS structure
-
nonbearing structure
-
n-p-n structure
-
nuclear structure
-
ocean structure
-
ocean thermal structure
-
offshore marine structure
-
offshore structure
-
open stitch structure
-
open structure
-
open-neck structure
-
open-pile braced structure
-
orbiting structure
-
ordered structure
-
orthogonal structure
-
orthorhombic structure
-
ottoman structure
-
overaged structure
-
pattern purl stitch structure
-
patterned structure
-
p-channel structure
-
pelerine structure
-
periodic structure
-
permanent structure
-
photovoltaic equipped parking and shade structure
-
p-i-n structure
-
pin tuck structure
-
planar structure
-
p-MOS structure
-
p-n-p structure
-
polycrystalline structure
-
polycrystal structure
-
ponte di Roma structure
-
popcorn stitch structure
-
portal structure
-
power system structure
-
pressurized structure
-
prestressed structure
-
primary structure
-
protecting structure
-
purification structure
-
purl structure
-
quarternary structure
-
queenscord structure
-
quenched-and-tempered structure
-
rack stitch structure
-
racked full-cardigan structure
-
racked half-cardigan structure
-
racked rib structure
-
random structure
-
reactor top structure
-
redundant structure
-
reflecting structure
-
regular crystal structure
-
regular structure
-
reticular structure
-
reverse locknit structure
-
reversed mesa structure
-
reversible jacquard structure
-
reversible racked rib structure
-
rhombic structure
-
rhombohedral structure
-
rib structure
-
rib transfer stitch structure
-
rib-jacquard structure
-
rigid structure
-
ring structure
-
ring-like structure
-
ripple stitch structure
-
rod-like structure
-
rotorcraft flight structure
-
rugged structure
-
run-resist structure
-
sandwich structure
-
satin stripe structure
-
Schottky-gate structure
-
screwdown structure
-
seam structure
-
secondary structure
-
segregation-free structure
-
selected backing jacquara structure
-
self-aligned gate structure
-
self-floating structure
-
self-registered gate structure
-
semiconductor structure
-
semiconductor-metal-semiconductor structure
-
separation structure
-
shaft structure
-
sharkskin structure
-
shell stitch structure
-
shell structure
-
shutter structure
-
silicon-on-insulator structure
-
silicon-on-sapphire structure
-
simple structure
-
single Lacoste structure
-
single-crystal structure
-
single-layer structure
-
single-level structure
-
single-pique structure
-
sinker mesh structure
-
skeleton structure
-
skin-core structure
-
slaty structure
-
slowing structure
-
sluiceway structure
-
smectic structure
-
soil structure
-
solar animal structure
-
solid-state structure
-
solid structure
-
space structure
-
spiral cloud structure
-
stable structure
-
stacked structure
-
star-type structure
-
star structure
-
statically determinate structure
-
statically indeterminate structure
-
stockinette structure
-
streaky structure
-
stressed-skin structure
-
stress-relieved structure
-
subgrain structure
-
submerged structure
-
submicrometer structure
-
substatic structure
-
subsurface ingot structure
-
superlattice structure
-
supporting structure
-
surface structure
-
suspension structure
-
Swiss pique structure
-
tailrace structure
-
tangent structure
-
tank supporting structure
-
temporary structure
-
terry stitch structure
-
tertiary structure
-
test structure
-
tetragonal structure
-
texipique structure
-
thin-slab structure
-
three-dimensional structure
-
tidal regulating structure
-
tied-in floats structure
-
torsion box structure
-
tower-base structure
-
track structure
-
training structure
-
transferred sinker stitch structure
-
trashrack structure
-
tree-type structure
-
tree structure
-
triclinic structure
-
trigonal structure
-
tuck purl structure
-
tuck rib honeycomb structure
-
tuck ripple structure
-
tuck-interlock structure
-
tunnel access structure
-
turnout structure
-
twill backing jacquard structure
-
twin structure
-
twist nematic structure
-
two-needle overlap stitch structure
-
underground structure
-
underlying structure
-
unipolar structure
-
unstable structure
-
variable-gap structure
-
vesicular structure
-
V-groove MOS structure
-
void structure
-
warp knit meshes structure
-
water conveyance structure
-
water-diverting structure
-
waterflow retarding structure
-
waterfront structure
-
water-retaining structure
-
waterside structure
-
weft insertion structure
-
welt structure
-
woody structure
-
wrap embroidery structure
-
wrought structure -
16 hologram
- 3-D hologram
- acoustical hologram
- acoustically formed hologram
- aerial image hologram
- amplitude hologram
- amplitude-contrast hologram
- amplitude-phase hologram
- bichromatic hologram
- binary hologram
- black-and-white hologram
- blazed hologram
- bleached hologram
- Bragg-effect hologram
- coded hologram
- coded reference beam hologram
- coherent hologram
- color hologram
- colored hologram
- complementary hologram
- composite hologram - conical hologram
- control hologram
- copied hologram
- copying hologram
- cylindrical hologram
- Denisyuk hologram
- desensitized hologram
- dichromated gelatin hologram
- difference hologram
- diffuse hologram
- discriminating hologram
- double-beam hologram
- double-exposure hologram
- double-recorded hologram
- electronic hologram
- erasable hologram
- exponential hologram
- far-field hologram
- focused-image hologram
- Fourier-transform hologram
- Fraunhofer hologram
- Fraunhofer diffraction hologram
- frequency swept hologram
- Fresnel-diffraction hologram
- Fresnel-transform hologram
- Gabor-type hologram
- gas-laser hologram
- giant-pulse hologram
- gray hologram
- half-tone hologram
- high-efficiency hologram
- highly redundant hologram
- high-resolution hologram
- image hologram
- improved-efficiency hologram
- incoherent hologram
- infrared hologram
- in-line hologram
- intensity mapping hologram
- interferometric hologram
- laser hologram
- Leight-Upatnieks hologram
- lens-assisted hologram
- lensless hologram
- light hologram
- Lippmann-Bragg-Denisyuk hologram
- liquid hologram
- liquid-crystal hologram
- liquid-surface hologram
- local reference beam hologram
- long-wave hologram
- low-noise hologram
- magnetic hologram
- magnetooptic hologram
- microwave hologram
- monochrome hologram
- moving-target hologram
- multicolor hologram
- multiple-exposed hologram
- multiple-exposure hologram
- multiple-object beam hologram
- multiplexed hologram
- noncoherent hologram
- nondiffused hologram
- nondiffused illumination hologram
- nonlinearly recorded hologram
- nonoptical hologram
- ocular hologram
- off-axis hologram
- off-axis reference-beam hologram
- offset hologram
- offset reference hologram
- on-axis hologram
- on-axis reference-beam hologram
- optical hologram
- optically generated hologram
- original hologram
- panoramic hologram
- phase hologram
- phase-contrast hologram
- phase-only hologram
- photochromic hologram
- photoetched hologram
- photographic hologram
- photopolymer hologram
- planar hologram
- point hologram
- point-source hologram
- polarization hologram
- product hologram
- pulsed-laser hologram
- quasi-Fourier hologram
- rainbow hologram
- real-time hologram
- reconstructed hologram
- reflecting hologram
- reflection hologram
- replicated hologram
- sideband hologram
- single-beam hologram
- single-exposed hologram
- single-exposure hologram
- solid-state hologram
- space-division holograms
- spatial carrier hologram
- still hologram
- superimposed hologram
- synthesized hologram
- synthetic hologram
- temporal reference hologram
- thermomagnetic hologram
- thermoplastic hologram
- thick hologram
- thick-emulsion hologram
- thin hologram
- thin-emulsion hologram
- three-dimensional hologram
- time-average hologram
- transmission hologram
- transmitting-type hologram
- two-beam hologram
- two-color hologram
- two-dimensional hologram
- ultrasonic hologram
- ultraviolet hologram
- unbleached hologram
- uniaxial hologram
- variable-attenuation hologram
- variable-transparency hologram
- volume hologram
- white-light hologram
- wide-angle hologram
- xerographic hologram -
17 matrix
1) матрица || матричный2) кодирующая матрица; декодирующая матрица3) кодер системы цветного телевидения; декодер системы цветного телевидения•- matrix of strategies
- matrix of weighted connections
- access matrix
- active matrix
- adjacency matrix
- adjacency matrix of labeled graph
- admittance matrix
- assignment matrix
- asymptotic covariance matrix
- asymptotic information matrix
- augmented admittance matrix
- authorization matrix
- band matrix
- beam-forming matrix
- bistochastic matrix
- block matrix
- block-diagonal matrix
- Butler matrix
- character matrix
- ciphertext matrix
- circulant matrix
- clique matrix
- clique-incidence matrix
- coder matrix
- color matrix
- conductance matrix
- conjugate matrix
- connectivity matrix
- constraint matrix
- core-diode matrix
- correlation matrix
- covariance matrix
- decision matrix
- decoding matrix
- design matrix
- diagonal matrix
- diode matrix
- disperse matrix
- dispersion matrix
- distance matrix
- dot matrix
- doubly stochastic matrix
- dual-scanned passive matrix
- electronically addressed matrix
- encoder matrix
- estimator matrix
- generating matrix
- generator matrix
- geometrically addressed matrix
- gray-level co-occurrence matrix
- H-matrix
- Hadamard matrix
- Hermitian matrix
- Hessian matrix
- hologram matrix
- idempotent matrix
- identity matrix
- immittance matrix
- impact matrix
- impedance matrix
- incidence matrix
- information matrix
- instrumental variables matrix
- inverse matrix
- invertible matrix
- Jacobian matrix
- key matrix
- learning matrix
- loop-impedance matrix
- memory matrix
- microwave switching matrix
- multiple-beam-forming matrix
- n-diagonal matrix
- negative definite matrix
- negative semidefinite matrix
- nonsingular matrix
- null matrix
- orthogonal matrix
- orthonormal matrix
- outcome matrix
- parity-check matrix
- partitioned matrix
- passive matrix
- permeabilitymatrix
- permittivity matrix
- permutation matrix
- polarization matrix
- polarization scattering matrix
- polynomial matrix
- positive definite matrix
- positive semidefinite matrix
- power scattering matrix
- projection matrix
- pseudoinverse matrix
- radar cross-section matrix
- radar scattering matrix
- reciprocal matrix
- rectangular matrix
- reflecting matrix
- regression matrix
- resistivity matrix
- resolvent matrix
- scattering matrix
- scattering matrix with absolute phase
- scattering matrix with relative phase
- scrambling matrix
- selection matrix
- shift matrix
- signal matrix
- singular matrix
- sparse matrix
- spectral matrix
- spurless matrix
- square matrix
- state matrix
- stochastic matrix
- storage matrix
- switching matrix
- symmetric matrix
- symmetry matrix
- systolic matrix
- target-scattering matrix
- thermally-addressed matrix
- thinned matrix
- topological matrix
- traceless matrix
- traffic matrix
- traffic requirement matrix
- transformation matrix
- transformer-diode matrix
- transition matrix
- transition probability matrix
- transmission matrix
- transposed matrix
- triangular matrix
- two-dimensional matrix
- U-matrix
- unit matrix
- unitary matrix
- variance-covariance matrix
- weight matrix
- x-y matrix
- Y-matrix
- Z-matrix -
18 voltmeter
- correlating voltmeter
- crest voltmeter
- differential voltmeter
- digital voltmeter
- electrodynamic voltmeter
- electronic voltmeter
- electrostatic voltmeter
- expanded-scale voltmeter
- frequency selective voltmeter
- high-resistance voltmeter
- hot-wire voltmeter
- induction voltmeter
- integrating digital voltmeter
- mirror voltmeter
- moving-iron voltmeter
- peak voltmeter
- peak-reading voltmeter
- phase vector voltmeter
- recording voltmeter
- rectifier voltmeter
- reflecting voltmeter
- selective voltmeter
- slide-back voltmeter
- solid-state voltmeter
- thermocouple voltmeter
- tuned voltmeter
- vacuum-tube voltmeter
- valve voltmeter -
19 hologram
- 3-D hologram
- acoustical hologram
- acoustically formed hologram
- aerial image hologram
- amplitude hologram
- amplitude-contrast hologram
- amplitude-phase hologram
- bichromatic hologram
- binary hologram
- black-and-white hologram
- blazed hologram
- bleached hologram
- Bragg-effect hologram
- coded hologram
- coded reference beam hologram
- coherent hologram
- color hologram
- colored hologram
- complementary hologram
- composite hologram
- computer-generated hologram
- computer-synthesized hologram
- conical hologram
- control hologram
- copied hologram
- copying hologram
- cylindrical hologram
- Denisyuk hologram
- desensitized hologram
- dichromated gelatin hologram
- difference hologram
- diffuse hologram
- discriminating hologram
- double-beam hologram
- double-exposure hologram
- double-recorded hologram
- electronic hologram
- erasable hologram
- exponential hologram
- far-field hologram
- focused-image hologram
- Fourier-transform hologram
- Fraunhofer diffraction hologram
- Fraunhofer hologram
- frequency swept hologram
- Fresnel-diffraction hologram
- Fresnel-transform hologram
- Gabor-type hologram
- gas-laser hologram
- giant-pulse hologram
- gray hologram
- half-tone hologram
- high-efficiency hologram
- highly redundant hologram
- high-resolution hologram
- image hologram
- improved-efficiency hologram
- incoherent hologram
- infrared hologram
- in-line hologram
- intensity mapping hologram
- interferometric hologram
- laser hologram
- Leight-Upatnieks hologram
- lens-assisted hologram
- lensless hologram
- light hologram
- Lippmann-Bragg-Denisyuk hologram
- liquid hologram
- liquid-crystal hologram
- liquid-surface hologram
- local reference beam hologram
- long-wave hologram
- low-noise hologram
- magnetic hologram
- magnetooptic hologram
- microwave hologram
- monochrome hologram
- moving-target hologram
- multicolor hologram
- multiple-exposed hologram
- multiple-exposure hologram
- multiple-object beam hologram
- multiplexed hologram
- noncoherent hologram
- nondiffused hologram
- nondiffused illumination hologram
- nonlinearly recorded hologram
- nonoptical hologram
- ocular hologram
- off-axis hologram
- off-axis reference-beam hologram
- offset hologram
- offset reference hologram
- on-axis hologram
- on-axis reference-beam hologram
- optical hologram
- optically generated hologram
- original hologram
- panoramic hologram
- phase hologram
- phase-contrast hologram
- phase-only hologram
- photochromic hologram
- photoetched hologram
- photographic hologram
- photopolymer hologram
- planar hologram
- point hologram
- point-source hologram
- polarization hologram
- product hologram
- pulsed-laser hologram
- quasi-Fourier hologram
- rainbow hologram
- real-time hologram
- reconstructed hologram
- reflecting hologram
- reflection hologram
- replicated hologram
- sideband hologram
- single-beam hologram
- single-exposed hologram
- single-exposure hologram
- solid-state hologram
- space-division holograms
- spatial carrier hologram
- still hologram
- superimposed hologram
- synthesized hologram
- synthetic hologram
- temporal reference hologram
- thermomagnetic hologram
- thermoplastic hologram
- thick hologram
- thick-emulsion hologram
- thin hologram
- thin-emulsion hologram
- three-dimensional hologram
- time-average hologram
- transmission hologram
- transmitting-type hologram
- two-beam hologram
- two-color hologram
- two-dimensional hologram
- ultrasonic hologram
- ultraviolet hologram
- unbleached hologram
- uniaxial hologram
- variable-attenuation hologram
- variable-transparency hologram
- volume hologram
- white-light hologram
- wide-angle hologram
- xerographic hologramThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > hologram
-
20 matrix
1) матрица || матричный2) кодирующая матрица; декодирующая матрица3) кодер системы цветного телевидения; декодер системы цветного телевидения•- active matrix
- adjacency matrix of labeled graph
- adjacency matrix
- admittance matrix
- assignment matrix
- asymptotic covariance matrix
- asymptotic information matrix
- augmented admittance matrix
- authorization matrix
- band matrix
- beam-forming matrix
- bistochastic matrix
- block matrix
- block-diagonal matrix
- Butler matrix
- character matrix
- ciphertext matrix
- circulant matrix
- clique matrix
- clique-incidence matrix
- coder matrix
- color matrix
- conductance matrix
- conjugate matrix
- connectivity matrix
- constraint matrix
- core-diode matrix
- correlation matrix
- covariance matrix
- decision matrix
- decoding matrix
- design matrix
- diagonal matrix
- diode matrix
- disperse matrix
- dispersion matrix
- distance matrix
- dot matrix
- doubly stochastic matrix
- dual-scanned passive matrix
- electronically addressed matrix
- encoder matrix
- estimator matrix
- generating matrix
- generator matrix
- geometrically addressed matrix
- gray-level co-occurrence matrix
- H matrix
- Hadamard matrix
- Hermitian matrix
- Hessian matrix
- hologram matrix
- idempotent matrix
- identity matrix
- immittance matrix
- impact matrix
- impedance matrix
- incidence matrix
- information matrix
- instrumental variables matrix
- inverse matrix
- invertible matrix
- Jacobian matrix
- key matrix
- learning matrix
- loop-impedance matrix
- matrix of full rank
- matrix of strategies
- matrix of weighted connections
- memory matrix
- microwave switching matrix
- multiple-beam-forming matrix
- n-diagonal matrix
- negative definite matrix
- negative semidefinite matrix
- nonsingular matrix
- null matrix
- orthogonal matrix
- orthonormal matrix
- outcome matrix
- parity-check matrix
- partitioned matrix
- passive matrix
- permeability matrix
- permittivity matrix
- permutation matrix
- polarization matrix
- polarization scattering matrix
- polynomial matrix
- positive definite matrix
- positive semidefinite matrix
- power scattering matrix
- projection matrix
- pseudoinverse matrix
- radar cross-section matrix
- radar scattering matrix
- reciprocal matrix
- rectangular matrix
- reflecting matrix
- regression matrix
- resistivity matrix
- resolvent matrix
- scattering matrix with absolute phase
- scattering matrix with relative phase
- scattering matrix
- scrambling matrix
- selection matrix
- shift matrix
- signal matrix
- singular matrix
- sparse matrix
- spectral matrix
- spurless matrix
- square matrix
- state matrix
- stochastic matrix
- storage matrix
- switching matrix
- symmetric matrix
- symmetry matrix
- systolic matrix
- target-scattering matrix
- thermally-addressed matrix
- thinned matrix
- topological matrix
- traceless matrix
- traffic matrix
- traffic requirement matrix
- transformation matrix
- transformer-diode matrix
- transition matrix
- transition probability matrix
- transmission matrix
- transposed matrix
- triangular matrix
- two-dimensional matrix
- U-matrix
- unit matrix
- unitary matrix
- variance-covariance matrix
- weight matrix
- x-y matrix
- Y matrix
- Z matrixThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > matrix
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